Importancia de las neurotrofinas en medicina humana veterinaria / Importance of neurotrophins in human medicine veterinary

Las neurotrofinas (NTs) son factores de crecimiento que ejercen la totalidad o parte de sus funciones sobreel sistema nervioso central y periférico. Las neurotrofinas son una familia de péptidos con propiedades neurotróficas y neurotrópicas que incluyen los siguientes compuestos: factor de crecimiento nerviosos, (nerve growth factor, NGF), factor de crecimiento derivado del cerebro (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF), y las neurotrofinas 3 (NT-3), 4/5 (NT/4/5), (NT-6). Se trata de un conjunto de péptidos relacionados estructural yfuncionalmente, que favorecen la supervivencia y diferenciación fenotípica de su-poblaciones neuronales del sistemanervioso periférico durante el desarrollo embrionario y su mantenimiento durante la vida adulta. Además actúansobre algunos tipos de neuronas del sistema nervioso central. Por otro lado, estudios llevados a cabo en los últimosaños sugieren que las neurotrofinas podrían controlar algunas funciones en tejidos no nerviosos, especialmente enlos órganos linfoides y en las células inmunocompetentes. En medicina Humana se hadeterminado que en el aparato de la visión la falta de BDNF lleva: 1) a la pérdida de las células ganglionares de laretina y también es responsable del glaucoma en el hombre; 2) En el Sistema nervios causa depresión, epilepsia, enla enfermedad de Huntington; .3) y en la parte metabólica causa la diabetes tipo. Está comprobado que las dosprimeras (NTs) están presentes en el carcinoma de colon, páncreas y glándulas prostáticas, para estas dos patologíasya están en venta la anti-neurotrofinas que neutralizan a los NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT 4/5NT e incluyen anticuerposgenerados así como sus fragmentos.En Medicina veterinaria se han detectados a los receptores de alta afinidad(Proteínas Trks) en el timo de todos los vertebrados inferiores y superiores. También en los órganos linfáticossecundarios de Sus scrofa domesticus y Lama glama; en el aparato digestivo y reproductor de Rattus norvergicus.

Neurotrophins (NTs ) are growth factors that exert all or part of its functions onthe central and peripheral nervous system. Neurotrophins are a family of peptides with neurotrophic and neurotropic properties include the following compounds: nerve growth factor ( nerve growth factor , NGF) , growth factor , brain derived ( Brain- derived neurotrophic factor , BDNF) , and neurotrophin 3 (NT -3 ) , 4 /5 ( NT/4/5 ) , ( NT - 6) . This is a set of structural and related peptides functionally , favoring survival and phenotypic differentiation of neuronal populations system su-peripheral nervous during embryonic development and maintenance during adulthood . Besides actingon some types of neurons of the central nervous system . Moreover, studies conducted in recentyears suggest that neurotrophins may control some functions in non-nervous tissues, especially inand lymphoid organs in immunocompetent cells . In Human medicine has determined that in the apparatus of the absence of BDNF vision leads : 1) a loss of ganglion cellsretina and is also responsible for glaucoma in man; 2) In the nerve system causes depression, epilepsy,Huntington 's disease ; 3 ) and in metabolic diabetes causes type part . It is proved that the twofirst (NTs ) are present in the carcinoma of the colon, pancreas and prostate glands , for these two pathologies Information already in the anti - neurotrophins that neutralize NGF , BDNF , NT -3 , NT and include antibodies 4/5NTgenerated and their fragmentos.En Veterinary Medicine detected to have high affinity receptors (Proteins Trks ) in the thymus of all lower and higher vertebrates. Also in the lymphatic organsHis side scrofa domesticus and Lama glama ; in the digestive tract and Rattus norvegicus.

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid S100B concentrations in patients with neurocysticercosis

The clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis (NC) are varied and depend on the number and location of cysts, as well as on the host immune response. Symptoms usually occur in NC when cysticerci enter a degenerative course associated with an inflammatory response. The expression of brain damage markers may be expected to increase during this phase. S100B is a calcium-binding protein produced and released predominantly by astrocytes that has been used as a marker of reactive gliosis and astrocytic death in many pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of S100B in patients in different phases of NC evolution. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum S100B concentrations were measured in 25 patients with NC: 14 patients with degenerative cysts (D), 8 patients with viable cysts (V) and 3 patients with inactive cysts. All NC patients, except 1, had five or less cysts. In most of them, symptoms had been present for at least 1 month before sample collection. Samples from 8 normal controls (C) were also assayed. The albumin quotient was used to estimate the blood-brain barrier permeability. There were no significant differences in serum (P = 0.5) or cerebrospinal fluid (P = 0.91) S100B levels among the V, D, and C groups. These findings suggest that parenchymal changes associated with a relatively small number of degenerating cysts probably have a negligible impact on glial tissue.